This research examines the story of Arab Spring and the rise of political Islam, offering deep insights into the evolution of Islamist movements which play a critical role in the unfolding of a new Middle East, and in which the author chooses Egypt as a case study, with focusing upon the role of the Muslim brotherhood. This thesis seeks to study the emergence and the role of political Islam in Egypt and examine the success and the future trends of political Islam in Egypt by applying the linkage theory of James N. Rosenau and the Islamic theory of Ummah. This research is qualitative research used to define the problem, or develop an approach to the problem. Egypt is considered one of a major power, with significant cultural, political and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Arab world so, its unstable and political environment can affect to the International community. The research found that the rise of Islamic power in Egypt had parallels across the region and Islamist movements were well positioned to take advantage of political openings, and have indeed taken the lead in many of the transitions. For the political Islam in Egypt, the Muslim brotherhood is one of the factors that have become more and more important actor in conducting the situation.

The events of the 2011 Arab Spring saw renewed hope for Arab Civil Society, at least in the eyes of Middle East observers. However, with the cases of Libya and Syria descending into civil war and chaos, and the Egyptian military still holding the country in a tight grip, the success of Civil Society at creating a space for itself is questionable. While the fall of seemingly immovable authoritarian regimes did not seem to profit much to Civil Society, Political Islamic movements took advantage of the vacuum to establish their bases and launch operations to implement their ideology. Two to three years after the first Uprisings, Islamist groups are making a strong comeback in certain middle east/north African countries. In Syria, Iraq, towns in Libya, and a town in Lebanon, groups like the Islamic State or Ansar al-Sharia are declaring caliphates in the territories they seize, in an attempt to fulfil the Political Islam ideal of a ‘global Islamic caliphate’ encompassing the entirety of the Muslim world. This edited collection aims to address common questions about Political Islam, as well as to provide an assessment of ISIS and finally challenge common understandings on the issue of Islam and democracy.