Immigration is a sensitive issue that has implications on the economic, political and social dimensions. It is practically impossible to effectively control cross-borders in any country especially in nowadays free-market economy which, in order to remain sustainable, have to maintain its borders open for the freedom of goods, services, capital and labour. In general immigration gains are much higher than its costs but countries are more sensitive towards free movement of people in comparison with free movement of trade and capital. Free movements of labour could be understood through push- and pull-factors among countries. Immigration could be explained through three approaches; ecological, behavioural, and systems. The EU concerns towards its external border control have increased especially after the Arab Spring in 2011 based on two main motives humanitarian and security. The council of the European Union has assigned new funds towards the countries that have massive people movements through four policies: readmission, deployment, EU border assistant mission, and capacity building.
